滿語/第8節課 - 動詞 3

對話

1. amba age si aibici jihe?
2. bi coohiyan wang ging ci jihe.
3. te absi genembi ?
4. bi gemun hecen i baru genembi.
5. si atanggi wang ging ci juraka?
6. bi ere biyai ice de juraka.
7. si ere biyai ice de jurafi, te hontoho biya hamika bime ainu teni ubade isinjiha?
8. emu gucu tutafi jime ofi, bi elhe seme aliyakiyame yabure jakade tuttu jime goidaha.
9. tere gucu te amcame isinjimbio akvn?
10. ere uthai tere gucu inu, sikse teni jihe.
11. si bodoci ere biyai manashvn gemun hecen de isinambio isinarakvn?
12. bi adarame bahafi sambi? abka gosifi beye elhe oci isinambi dere.
13. si coohiyan i niyalma kai, geli ai xolo de nikan i gisun be mujakv sain i taciha?
14. bi daci nikan i niyalma de bithe taciha be dahame, nikan i gisun be majige bahanambi.
15. si wede bithe taciha?
16. bi nikan i tacikv de bithe taciha.
17. si ai jergi bithe be taciha?
18. bi leolen gisuren mengdzi ajigan tacin i bithe be taciha.
19. si inenggidari aibe kicembi?
20. inenggidari gersi fersi de ilifi tacikv de genefi sefu de bithe tacimbi, tacikv ci facame boode jifi buda jeme wajiha manggi, uthai tacikv de genefi bithe arame sefui juleri bithe be giyangnambi.
21. ai bithe be giyangnambi?
22. leolen gisuren mengdzi ajigan tacin i bithe be giyangnamgbi.
23. bithe giyangname wajifi jai aibe kicembi?
24. yamji oho manggi, sefui juleri sibiya tatafi bithe xejilembi, xejileme mutehengge oci sefu guwebure bithe emke be bumbi, aika xejileme muterakv oci, kadalara xusai tere be dedubufi ilan moo tantambi.
25. sibiya tatafi bithe xejilere, guwebure bithe burengge adarame?

譯文

1. 大阿哥你從那裡來的？
2. 我從朝鮮王京來的
3. 如今往那裡去？
4. 我往京城去。
5. 你幾時從王京起程的？
6. 我在本月初一日起程的。
7. 你既是在本月一日起程的，到現在差不多半個月，為何纔到這裡呢？
8. 因為有一個夥伴落後了來，我慢慢走著等候，所以來遲了。
9. 那個夥伴現在趕到了嗎？
10. 這個夥伴便是，昨天纔到的。
11. 你計算本月底能到京城嗎？
12. 我怎麼得知，若上天憐憫身體安好時，想是可到吧！
13. 你是朝鮮人，又有什麼空閒把漢語學的相當好呢？
14. 我原來跟漢人讀書，因此會一點漢語。
15. 你跟誰讀書的？
16. 我在漢學堂裡讀書的。
17. 你讀的是那類書呢？
18. 我讀的是論語、孟子、小學的書。
19. 你每天做什麼功課？
20. 每天清早起來到學校裡跟老師讀書，放學到家裡吃完飯後就到學校裡去寫字，在師傅面前講書。
21. 講什麼書？
22. 講論語、孟子、小學的書。
23. 講完書又做什麼功課？
24. 到晚間在師傅面前抽籤背書，若能背時，師傅給一張免帖，若是不能背時，管理的生員叫他臥倒打三板。
25. 抽籤背書怎麼給免帖？

生詞

............................................................	............................................................	............................................................	............................................................
滿語	漢語	滿語	漢語
abici	從哪裡	absi	怎樣、怎麼、如何、何其、多麼
age	阿哥	ajigan	略小、幼小
aliyakiyambi	慢走、等候	amcambi	追趕、夠得著、及
atanggi	何時、幾時	bahambi	取得、分得、得到、得（病）
baru	向、朝	bime	和
bodombi	想、算、籌劃、料想、估計	buda	飯
coohiyan	朝鮮	dahambi	跟隨、投降
dahame	因為	dedubumbi	使臥、使躺
elhe	安、平安、慢、緩慢	emke	一個
facambi	散、解散、放學、散亂、無頭緒	gemun	首都、京城
gersi fersi	黎明	giyangnambi	講
goidambi	久、長久、耽擱	gosimbi	憐愛、寵愛、恩賜、饒恕、辣痛
guwebumbi	寬免、寬宥、饒恕	hamimbi	將足、將足夠、能忍受、將近、接近
hecen	城、城牆	hontoho	半、半個
ice	新、（舊曆每月的）初一	ilimbi	起來、站立、立、安、起、興起、停止、停息
jakade	跟前、處所、由於、因為	jembi	吃、食、蛀蝕
jergi	級別、品級、級、等級、等次、水平、程度、陣、一般、同等、等	juleri	前、前面
jurambi	起程、出發	kadalambi	管、管轄、統領、指揮
kicembi	用功、勤奮	leolen gisuren	論語
manashvn	月終	moo	木頭、樹木
mujakv	著實、的確、非常	mutembi	能、成
sefu	師傅、老師	sibiya tatambi	抽籤
tacin	學習、學業、習俗、習慣、教、道	tantambi	打
tatambi	拉、扯、拔、抽、消退、退落、紮營、住宿	teni	才、剛才
tutambi	落後、留下、遺留、垂留	wajimbi	完畢、完蛋、丟盡
xejilembi	背誦	xusai	秀才
yamji	晚上

語法

動詞 (part 3)

副動詞

The main converbs in Manchu are:

1) Coordinative -me

This converb modifies the following verb and is similar to Uyghur '-up'. It also expresses simultaneous action. E.g.

• ai baita be arame genembi? (what are you going to do)

2) Subordinative -fi

Refers to a sequence of actions where one action is completed before another one begins. It is like English 'then', and also a bit like 'because' E.g.

• bi genefi tuwaki (I will go and (then) have a look)

3) Conditional -ci

This is the conditional converb and is similar to English 'if'. E.g.

• bi tuwaci (if I look)

4) Durative -hai (-hei, -hoi)

This converb is used to express that an action occurs or continues at the same time as another action is performed. E.g.

• necimbihei yabumbi (to continuously invade)

5) Terminative -tala (-tele, -tolo)

This converb is used to show that an action occurs up to a certain time.

• aratala (until he writes)

6) Instrumental -tai (-tei, -toi)

This converb is used to show that an action is being forced

• bucetei daharakv (I will not submit even if I die)

7) Preparative -nggala (-nggele, -nggolo)

This converb is like English 『before’

• utala inenggi onggolo (several days ago)

8) Concessive -cibe

This converb is like Enlgish 『although』

• tuttu bicibe (although it is like that)

9) Alternative -ralame (-relame, -rolame)

This converb is used to show that two actions are being performed at the same time

• bi yaburalame tuwambi (looking as I’m going along)

10) Simultaneous -mbime

This converb is used to show that one action is occurring (or not) while another action takes place

• si baita be sambi sembime, ainu takarakv (while you say you know about the matter, how come you don’t?)

auxiliary verbs (助動詞)

Three important auxiliary verbs in Manchu are:

• sembi – sembi means 『to say』
• ombi – 『ombi』 can be translated as 『to become’, 『to be’, 『to act as』,
• bimbi – 『bimbi』 can be translated as 『to be or 『is』.

Irregular verbs (table)

This table is a list of all the irregular Manchu verbs and their irregular forms. Note a blank space indicates that this form of the verb is regular. Note verbs where the suffix 『-fi』 becomes 『-pi』 or 『-mpi』 are not included.

...............................................	...............................................	...............................................	...............................................	...............................................
Dictionary form	Meaning	Past tense	Future Tense	Imperative
gerembi	Dawn	gereke	gerendere
guwembi	To avoid	guwengke	guwendere
colgorombi	To be complete	colgoroko
ombi	To become, can		ojoro	oso
gvmbi	To bite furiously		gvndere
gvwaliyambi	To change	gvwaliyaka
jimbi	To come		jidere	jio
wasimbi	To desced, be defeated	wasika (wasiha)		wasinu
jembi	To eat	jeke (jengke)	jetere (jendere)	jefu
tucimbi	To exit, to set out, to come out	tucike (tucihe)		tucinu
sumbi	To explain, to get rid of	suhe (sungke)
jailambi	To flee, hide		jailara (jailandara)
ukambi	To flee, hide	ukaha (ukaka)
bahambi	To get	baha
xahvrambi	To get a cold	xahvraka
yombi	To go		yoro (yondoro)
bimbi	To have / at		bisire	bisu
xumbi	To know copletely	xungke
baimbi	To look for			baisu
wembi	To melt into	wengke	were (wendere)
juwambi	To open, open one's mounth	jawangka (juwaka)
hafumbi	To pass through	hafuka	hafundara
jombi	To raise	jongko	jondoro
wesimbi	To raise	wesike		wesina
teyembi	To rest		teyere (teyendere)
eldembi	To shine on	eldeke
xambi	To stare	xaha (xangka)
gajimbi	To take back			gaju
gombi	To take back		gondoro
gaimbi	To take, to want			gaisu
fumbi	To wipe	fungke
...............................................	...............................................	...............................................	...............................................	...............................................

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