满语/第8节课 - 动词 3

对话

1. amba age si aibici jihe?
2. bi coohiyan wang ging ci jihe.
3. te absi genembi ?
4. bi gemun hecen i baru genembi.
5. si atanggi wang ging ci juraka?
6. bi ere biyai ice de juraka.
7. si ere biyai ice de jurafi, te hontoho biya hamika bime ainu teni ubade isinjiha?
8. emu gucu tutafi jime ofi, bi elhe seme aliyakiyame yabure jakade tuttu jime goidaha.
9. tere gucu te amcame isinjimbio akvn?
10. ere uthai tere gucu inu, sikse teni jihe.
11. si bodoci ere biyai manashvn gemun hecen de isinambio isinarakvn?
12. bi adarame bahafi sambi? abka gosifi beye elhe oci isinambi dere.
13. si coohiyan i niyalma kai, geli ai xolo de nikan i gisun be mujakv sain i taciha?
14. bi daci nikan i niyalma de bithe taciha be dahame, nikan i gisun be majige bahanambi.
15. si wede bithe taciha?
16. bi nikan i tacikv de bithe taciha.
17. si ai jergi bithe be taciha?
18. bi leolen gisuren mengdzi ajigan tacin i bithe be taciha.
19. si inenggidari aibe kicembi?
20. inenggidari gersi fersi de ilifi tacikv de genefi sefu de bithe tacimbi, tacikv ci facame boode jifi buda jeme wajiha manggi, uthai tacikv de genefi bithe arame sefui juleri bithe be giyangnambi.
21. ai bithe be giyangnambi?
22. leolen gisuren mengdzi ajigan tacin i bithe be giyangnamgbi.
23. bithe giyangname wajifi jai aibe kicembi?
24. yamji oho manggi, sefui juleri sibiya tatafi bithe xejilembi, xejileme mutehengge oci sefu guwebure bithe emke be bumbi, aika xejileme muterakv oci, kadalara xusai tere be dedubufi ilan moo tantambi.
25. sibiya tatafi bithe xejilere, guwebure bithe burengge adarame?

译文

1. 大阿哥你从那里来的？
2. 我从朝鲜王京来的
3. 如今往那里去？
4. 我往京城去。
5. 你几时从王京起程的？
6. 我在本月初一日起程的。
7. 你既是在本月一日起程的，到现在差不多半个月，为何才到这里呢？
8. 因为有一个伙伴落后了来，我慢慢走着等候，所以来迟了。
9. 那个伙伴现在赶到了吗？
10. 这个伙伴便是，昨天才到的。
11. 你计算本月底能到京城吗？
12. 我怎么得知，若上天怜悯身体安好时，想是可到吧！
13. 你是朝鲜人，又有什么空闲把汉语学的相当好呢？
14. 我原来跟汉人读书，因此会一点汉语。
15. 你跟谁读书的？
16. 我在汉学堂里读书的。
17. 你读的是那类书呢？
18. 我读的是论语、孟子、小学的书。
19. 你每天做什么功课？
20. 每天清早起来到学校里跟老师读书，放学到家里吃完饭后就到学校里去写字，在师傅面前讲书。
21. 讲什么书？
22. 讲论语、孟子、小学的书。
23. 讲完书又做什么功课？
24. 到晚间在师傅面前抽签背书，若能背时，师傅给一张免帖，若是不能背时，管理的生员叫他卧倒打三板。
25. 抽签背书怎么给免帖？

生词

............................................................	............................................................	............................................................	............................................................
满语	汉语	满语	汉语
abici	从哪里	absi	怎样、怎么、如何、何其、多么
age	阿哥	ajigan	略小、幼小
aliyakiyambi	慢走、等候	amcambi	追赶、够得着、及
atanggi	何时、几时	bahambi	取得、分得、得到、得（病）
baru	向、朝	bime	和
bodombi	想、算、筹划、料想、估计	buda	饭
coohiyan	朝鲜	dahambi	跟随、投降
dahame	因为	dedubumbi	使卧、使躺
elhe	安、平安、慢、缓慢	emke	一个
facambi	散、解散、放学、散乱、无头绪	gemun	首都、京城
gersi fersi	黎明	giyangnambi	讲
goidambi	久、长久、耽搁	gosimbi	怜爱、宠爱、恩赐、饶恕、辣痛
guwebumbi	宽免、宽宥、饶恕	hamimbi	将足、将足够、能忍受、将近、接近
hecen	城、城墙	hontoho	半、半个
ice	新、（旧历每月的）初一	ilimbi	起来、站立、立、安、起、兴起、停止、停息
jakade	跟前、处所、由于、因为	jembi	吃、食、蛀蚀
jergi	级别、品级、级、等级、等次、水平、程度、阵、一般、同等、等	juleri	前、前面
jurambi	起程、出发	kadalambi	管、管辖、统领、指挥
kicembi	用功、勤奋	leolen gisuren	论语
manashvn	月终	moo	木头、树木
mujakv	着实、的确、非常	mutembi	能、成
sefu	师傅、老师	sibiya tatambi	抽签
tacin	学习、学业、习俗、习惯、教、道	tantambi	打
tatambi	拉、扯、拔、抽、消退、退落、扎营、住宿	teni	才、刚才
tutambi	落后、留下、遗留、垂留	wajimbi	完毕、完蛋、丢尽
xejilembi	背诵	xusai	秀才
yamji	晚上

语法

动词 (part 3)

副动词

The main converbs in Manchu are:

1) Coordinative -me

This converb modifies the following verb and is similar to Uyghur '-up'. It also expresses simultaneous action. E.g.

• ai baita be arame genembi? (what are you going to do)

2) Subordinative -fi

Refers to a sequence of actions where one action is completed before another one begins. It is like English 'then', and also a bit like 'because' E.g.

• bi genefi tuwaki (I will go and (then) have a look)

3) Conditional -ci

This is the conditional converb and is similar to English 'if'. E.g.

• bi tuwaci (if I look)

4) Durative -hai (-hei, -hoi)

This converb is used to express that an action occurs or continues at the same time as another action is performed. E.g.

• necimbihei yabumbi (to continuously invade)

5) Terminative -tala (-tele, -tolo)

This converb is used to show that an action occurs up to a certain time.

• aratala (until he writes)

6) Instrumental -tai (-tei, -toi)

This converb is used to show that an action is being forced

• bucetei daharakv (I will not submit even if I die)

7) Preparative -nggala (-nggele, -nggolo)

This converb is like English ‘before’

• utala inenggi onggolo (several days ago)

8) Concessive -cibe

This converb is like Enlgish ‘although’

• tuttu bicibe (although it is like that)

9) Alternative -ralame (-relame, -rolame)

This converb is used to show that two actions are being performed at the same time

• bi yaburalame tuwambi (looking as I’m going along)

10) Simultaneous -mbime

This converb is used to show that one action is occurring (or not) while another action takes place

• si baita be sambi sembime, ainu takarakv (while you say you know about the matter, how come you don’t?)

auxiliary verbs (助动词)

Three important auxiliary verbs in Manchu are:

• sembi – sembi means ‘to say’
• ombi – ‘ombi’ can be translated as ‘to become’, ‘to be’, ‘to act as’,
• bimbi – ‘bimbi’ can be translated as ‘to be or ‘is’.

Irregular verbs (table)

This table is a list of all the irregular Manchu verbs and their irregular forms. Note a blank space indicates that this form of the verb is regular. Note verbs where the suffix ‘-fi’ becomes ‘-pi’ or ‘-mpi’ are not included.

...............................................	...............................................	...............................................	...............................................	...............................................
Dictionary form	Meaning	Past tense	Future Tense	Imperative
gerembi	Dawn	gereke	gerendere
guwembi	To avoid	guwengke	guwendere
colgorombi	To be complete	colgoroko
ombi	To become, can		ojoro	oso
gvmbi	To bite furiously		gvndere
gvwaliyambi	To change	gvwaliyaka
jimbi	To come		jidere	jio
wasimbi	To desced, be defeated	wasika (wasiha)		wasinu
jembi	To eat	jeke (jengke)	jetere (jendere)	jefu
tucimbi	To exit, to set out, to come out	tucike (tucihe)		tucinu
sumbi	To explain, to get rid of	suhe (sungke)
jailambi	To flee, hide		jailara (jailandara)
ukambi	To flee, hide	ukaha (ukaka)
bahambi	To get	baha
xahvrambi	To get a cold	xahvraka
yombi	To go		yoro (yondoro)
bimbi	To have / at		bisire	bisu
xumbi	To know copletely	xungke
baimbi	To look for			baisu
wembi	To melt into	wengke	were (wendere)
juwambi	To open, open one's mounth	jawangka (juwaka)
hafumbi	To pass through	hafuka	hafundara
jombi	To raise	jongko	jondoro
wesimbi	To raise	wesike		wesina
teyembi	To rest		teyere (teyendere)
eldembi	To shine on	eldeke
xambi	To stare	xaha (xangka)
gajimbi	To take back			gaju
gombi	To take back		gondoro
gaimbi	To take, to want			gaisu
fumbi	To wipe	fungke
...............................................	...............................................	...............................................	...............................................	...............................................

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