簡介

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基因

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遺傳學

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轉錄與轉譯

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Inheritance

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Mechanisms of inheritance

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單因子遺傳

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多因子遺傳

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性聯遺傳

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Exceptions to simple inheritance

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Polygenic Traits

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Intermediate Expressions

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Co-dominance

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Multiple-Allele Series

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Modifying and Regulator Genes

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Incomplete penetrates

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遺傳性基因疾病

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血色素沉着症(hemochromatosis)

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血色素沉着症的治療

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囊性纖維化(Cystic Fibrosis,CF)

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囊性纖維化的治療

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鐮刀型紅血球貧血

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鐮刀型紅血球貧血的治療

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血友病(Hemophilia)

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血友病的治療

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非遺傳性基因疾病

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突變基因

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基因工程

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基因治療

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Genetic Regulation of Development and Homeostasis

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詞彙表

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等位基因(Allele)
one member of a pair of genes that occupy a specific position on a specific chromosome
體染色體(Autosome)
chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
染色體(Chromosome)
threadlike strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of heredity information
囊性纖維化(Cystic Fibrosis)
recessive genetic disorder affecting the mucus lining of the lungs, leading to breathing problems and other difficulties
胎兒酒精症候群(Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
combination of birth defects resulting form high (sometimes low) alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy
基因(Gene)
is a segment of nucleic acid that contains the information necessary to produce a functional product, usually a protein.
遺傳學(Genetics)
is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms.
基因組(Genome)
complete set of genetic information of an organism including DNA and RNA
基因型(Genotype)
actual set of genes an organism has. It is the blue print of gentic material.
血色病(Hemochromatosis)
metabolic disorder that causes increased absorption of iron, which is deposited in the body tissues and organs; the iron accumulates in the body where it may become toxic and causes damage
血紅蛋白(Hemoglobin)
component of red blood cells that carries oxygen
血友病(Hemophilia)
group of heredity disorders in which affected individuals fail to make

enough of certain proteins needed to form blood clots

繼承(Inheritance)
characteristics given to a child by a parent
基因修改(Modifying Gene)
alters how other genes are expressed in the phenotype

Multifactorial Inheritance: trait or disorder determined by multiple genes and/or environmental effects

表型(Phenotype)
organisms physical appearance
多基因(Polygenic)
trait whose expression is influenced by more than one gene
調節基因(Regulator Genes)
initiate or block the expression of other genes.
性聯(Sex-linked)
pertaining to a trait of a disorder determined by the sex chromosome in a persons cells or by the genes carried on those chromosomes
鐮狀細胞性貧血(Sickle Cell Anemia)
recessive disorder in which red blood cells take on an unusual shape, leading to other problems with the blood
合成(Synthesize)
to make using biochemical processes

Unifactorial Inheritance: trait or disorder determined by a single pair of genes

合子(Zygote)
cell formed by the union of male and female gametes. A Zygote is a cell that is the result of fertilization.

Review questions

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