人類生理學/感官
什麼是感覺?
編輯化學受器
編輯味覺系統
編輯Papilla
編輯Structure of Taste Buds
編輯Types of Taste
編輯Disorders of the Tongue
編輯嗅覺系統
編輯Receptors
編輯In the brain
編輯Pheromonal olfaction
編輯Olfaction and Gustation
編輯Disorders of Olfaction
編輯視覺
編輯眼睛解剖
編輯眼睛運動
編輯我們如何看東西
編輯Depth Perception
編輯Diseases, disorders, and age-related changes
編輯思考
編輯- 為什麼我們平常不會注意到盲點?
- 看着一個光源十秒鐘,然後看旁邊的白紙,你觀察到什麼?原因是?
- 為什麼晚上盯着一個東西看,他會暫時消失?要怎麼讓他重新出現?
- 桿狀細胞對什麼敏感?錐狀細胞對什麼敏感?
- 解釋顛茄(Deadly Nightshade)的作用
聽覺
編輯耳朵解剖學
編輯Process of Hearing
編輯水中的聽覺
編輯Localization of Sound by Humans
編輯平衡感的機制
編輯Disorders with the Ear
編輯思考
編輯觸覺
編輯巴齊尼氏小體(Pacinian Corpuscles)
編輯梅斯納氏小體(Meissner's Corpuscles)
編輯梅克爾觸覺盤(Merkel's Discs)
編輯魯菲尼小體(Ruffini corpuscles)
編輯觸覺失調
編輯案例研究
編輯The newborn's senses
編輯Review Questions
編輯詞彙表
編輯- 嗅覺喪失(Anosmia)
- 喪失嗅覺的疾病
- 聽道(Auditory Canal)
Tube from the auditory meatus or opening of the ear to the tympanic membrane
- 耳咽管(Auditory Tube)
Either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum
- 化學感受(Chemoreception)
Physiological response of a sense organ to a chemical stimulus
- 脈絡膜(Choroid)
Vascular layer of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera
Circumvallate papillae: Papillae that are present on the back of the oral part of the tongue
- 耳蝸(Cochlea)
Is concerned with hearing, resembling a shell of a snail
- 嗅覺障礙(Dysosmia)
When things smell differently than they should
Equilibrium: Sense of balance
Extraocular muscles: Six muscles that control eye movements: lateral rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique and superior oblique
Filiform papillae: Thin, longer papillae that don't contain taste buds but are the most numerous
Foliate papillae: Ridges and grooves towards the posterior part of the tongue
Fungiform papillae: These are present mostly at the apex (tip) of the tongue- slightly mushroom shaped
- 味覺(Gustation)
- 對味道的感覺
Hair Cell: Mechanosensors for hearing, columnar cells each with a bundle of 100-200 specialized cilia at the top
- 觸覺(Haptic)
From the Greek Haphe, means pertaining to the sense of touch
Hyposmia: Decreased ability to smell
- 內耳(Inner Ear)
Innermost part of the ear, contains the cochlea, westibule and semi-circular canals
- 機械感受器(Mechanoreceptor)
Sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion
Meissner's Corpuscle: Encapsulated unmyelinated nerve endings, usually found in areas sensitive to light touch
- 中耳(Middle Ear)
Air Filled Cavity behind the Ear Drum, includes most of the ear Drum and ear Bones
Nasopharynx: Nasal part of the pharynx that lies behind the nose and above the level of the soft palate
Nociception: The perception of pain
- 嗅覺(Olfaction)
- 感覺香味與臭味等的感受
- 中耳炎(Otitis Media)
- 中耳部份的發炎
- 外耳(Outer Ear)
External portion of the ear, includes the auricle, ear canal and surface of the ear drum
Oval Window: Fenestra that has the base of the stapes attached to it
Pacinian Corpuscles; Detect gross pressure changes and vibrations
Papilla: Specialized epithelial cells that are small projections on the top of the tongue
Perception: The brain’s interpretation of a sensation
Phantosmia: Phenomenon of smelling odors that aren't really present (AKA Phantom odors)
Photoreceptors: Specialized type of neuron found in the eye's retina that is capable of phototransduction
Pinna: Auricle of the ear
Retina: Thin layer of neural cells that lines the back of the eyeball of vertebrates and some cephalopods
Round Window: Fenestra leading into the cochlea
Sclera: White outer coating of the eye- gives the eye its shape and helps to protect the delicate inner parts
Semicircular Canals: Certain canals of the inner ear
Sensation: Occurs when nerve impulses arrive in the brain
Sensory adaptation: A decrease in response to stimuli
Stapes: One of the small bones in the tympanum of the ear; the stirrups bone
Tactition: The sense of pressure perception, generally in the skin
Tympanic Membrane: The membrane in the ear that vibrates to produce sound
- 鮮味(Umami)
- 源自日文字,代表類似肉或者魚的味道。主要是胺基酸的味道