人类生理学/感官
什么是感觉?
编辑化学受器
编辑味觉系统
编辑Papilla
编辑Structure of Taste Buds
编辑Types of Taste
编辑Disorders of the Tongue
编辑嗅觉系统
编辑Receptors
编辑In the brain
编辑Pheromonal olfaction
编辑Olfaction and Gustation
编辑Disorders of Olfaction
编辑视觉
编辑眼睛解剖
编辑眼睛运动
编辑我们如何看东西
编辑Depth Perception
编辑Diseases, disorders, and age-related changes
编辑思考
编辑- 为什么我们平常不会注意到盲点?
- 看着一个光源十秒钟,然后看旁边的白纸,你观察到什么?原因是?
- 为什么晚上盯着一个东西看,他会暂时消失?要怎么让他重新出现?
- 杆状细胞对什么敏感?锥状细胞对什么敏感?
- 解释颠茄(Deadly Nightshade)的作用
听觉
编辑耳朵解剖学
编辑Process of Hearing
编辑水中的听觉
编辑Localization of Sound by Humans
编辑平衡感的机制
编辑Disorders with the Ear
编辑思考
编辑触觉
编辑巴齐尼氏小体(Pacinian Corpuscles)
编辑梅斯纳氏小体(Meissner's Corpuscles)
编辑梅克尔触觉盘(Merkel's Discs)
编辑鲁菲尼小体(Ruffini corpuscles)
编辑触觉失调
编辑案例研究
编辑The newborn's senses
编辑Review Questions
编辑词汇表
编辑- 嗅觉丧失(Anosmia)
- 丧失嗅觉的疾病
- 听道(Auditory Canal)
Tube from the auditory meatus or opening of the ear to the tympanic membrane
- 耳咽管(Auditory Tube)
Either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum
- 化学感受(Chemoreception)
Physiological response of a sense organ to a chemical stimulus
- 脉络膜(Choroid)
Vascular layer of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera
Circumvallate papillae: Papillae that are present on the back of the oral part of the tongue
- 耳蜗(Cochlea)
Is concerned with hearing, resembling a shell of a snail
- 嗅觉障碍(Dysosmia)
When things smell differently than they should
Equilibrium: Sense of balance
Extraocular muscles: Six muscles that control eye movements: lateral rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique and superior oblique
Filiform papillae: Thin, longer papillae that don't contain taste buds but are the most numerous
Foliate papillae: Ridges and grooves towards the posterior part of the tongue
Fungiform papillae: These are present mostly at the apex (tip) of the tongue- slightly mushroom shaped
- 味觉(Gustation)
- 对味道的感觉
Hair Cell: Mechanosensors for hearing, columnar cells each with a bundle of 100-200 specialized cilia at the top
- 触觉(Haptic)
From the Greek Haphe, means pertaining to the sense of touch
Hyposmia: Decreased ability to smell
- 内耳(Inner Ear)
Innermost part of the ear, contains the cochlea, westibule and semi-circular canals
- 机械感受器(Mechanoreceptor)
Sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion
Meissner's Corpuscle: Encapsulated unmyelinated nerve endings, usually found in areas sensitive to light touch
- 中耳(Middle Ear)
Air Filled Cavity behind the Ear Drum, includes most of the ear Drum and ear Bones
Nasopharynx: Nasal part of the pharynx that lies behind the nose and above the level of the soft palate
Nociception: The perception of pain
- 嗅觉(Olfaction)
- 感觉香味与臭味等的感受
- 中耳炎(Otitis Media)
- 中耳部分的发炎
- 外耳(Outer Ear)
External portion of the ear, includes the auricle, ear canal and surface of the ear drum
Oval Window: Fenestra that has the base of the stapes attached to it
Pacinian Corpuscles; Detect gross pressure changes and vibrations
Papilla: Specialized epithelial cells that are small projections on the top of the tongue
Perception: The brain’s interpretation of a sensation
Phantosmia: Phenomenon of smelling odors that aren't really present (AKA Phantom odors)
Photoreceptors: Specialized type of neuron found in the eye's retina that is capable of phototransduction
Pinna: Auricle of the ear
Retina: Thin layer of neural cells that lines the back of the eyeball of vertebrates and some cephalopods
Round Window: Fenestra leading into the cochlea
Sclera: White outer coating of the eye- gives the eye its shape and helps to protect the delicate inner parts
Semicircular Canals: Certain canals of the inner ear
Sensation: Occurs when nerve impulses arrive in the brain
Sensory adaptation: A decrease in response to stimuli
Stapes: One of the small bones in the tympanum of the ear; the stirrups bone
Tactition: The sense of pressure perception, generally in the skin
Tympanic Membrane: The membrane in the ear that vibrates to produce sound
- 鲜味(Umami)
- 源自日文字,代表类似肉或者鱼的味道。主要是氨基酸的味道