人類生理學/泌尿系統
概述 編輯
泌尿系統的功能 編輯
泌尿系統器官 編輯
Kidneys And Their Structure 編輯
Renal Vein 編輯
Renal Artery 編輯
Ureters 編輯
Urinary Bladder 編輯
Urethra 編輯
Nephrons 編輯
Glomerulus 編輯
Glomerular Capsule or Bowman's Capsule 編輯
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) 編輯
Loop of the Nephron or Loop of Henle 編輯
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) 編輯
Collecting ducts 編輯
尿的形成 編輯
Filtration 編輯
Reabsorption 編輯
Secretion 編輯
維持水鹽平衡 編輯
Reabsorption of water 編輯
Reabsorption of Salt 編輯
Hypernatremia 編輯
Diuretics 編輯
腎疾病 編輯
Diabetes Insipidus 編輯
Urinary tract infections (UTI's) 編輯
Dialysis and Kidney Transplant 編輯
Review Questions 編輯
詞彙表 編輯
Antidiuretic: lessening or decreasing of urine production or an agent that decreases the release of urine.
Catheterisation: a catheter is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct or vessel. Catheters thereby allow drainage or injection of fluids or access by surgical instruments. The process of inserting a catheter is catheterisation. In most uses a catheter is a thin, flexible tube: a "soft" catheter; in some uses, it is a larger, solid tube: a "hard" catheter.
Dehydration: condition resulting from excessive loss of body fluid.
Diabetes: a general term for a disease characterized by the begining stages and onset of renal failure. It is derived from the Greek word diabaínein, that literally means "passing through," or "siphon", a reference to one of diabetes' major symptoms—excessive urine production.
Diuresis: secretion and passage of large amounts of urine.
Diuretic: increasing of urine production, or an agent that increases the production of urine.
Erythropoietin: hormone that stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to produce red blood cells
Fibrous Capsule: the kidney's loose connective tissue
Glomerulus: capillary tuft that receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal circulation.
Gluconeogenesis: the cycle of producing a glucose form fat or protein; preformed by the kidney in times of long fasting, initially gluconeogenesis is preformed by the liver
Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells: Renin-secreting cells that are in contact with the macula densa and the afferent arterioles of the renal nephron.
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA): A site of juxtaglomerular cells connecting with the macula densa where renin is secreted and sensor for control of secretion of golmerular filtration rate.
Loop of Henle/ Nephron Loop: u-shaped tube that consists of a descending limb and ascending limb; primary role is to concentrate the salt in the interstitium, the tissue surrounding the loop
Medullary Pyramids or Renal Pyramids: the cone shaped masses in the kidney
Micturition: another name for excretions
Nephron: basic structural and functional unit of the kidney; chief function is to regulate water and soluble substances by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine
Podocytes: filtration membrane, in the visceral layer of the bowman's capsule
Renal Calculi: kidney stones, solid crystals of dissolved minerals in urine found inside the kidneys
Renal Cortex: outer portion of the kidney
Renal Lobe: each pyramid together with the associated overlying cortex
Renal Pelvis: a central space, or cavity that transmits urine to the urinary bladder via the ureter
Renin: hormone released by the Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of the kidneys when blood pressure falls
TURP: transurethral resection of the prostate. During TURP, an instrument is inserted up the urethra to remove the section of the prostate that is blocking urine flow. This is most commonly caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A TURP usually requires hospitalization and is done using a general or spinal anesthetic. It is now the most common surgery used to remove part of an enlarged prostate.
Urethra: a muscular tube that connects the bladder with the outside of the body
Ureters: two tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Urine: liquid produced by the kidneys, collected in the bladder and excreted through the urethra
Urinary Bladder: a hollow, muscular and distensible or elastic organ that sits on the pelvic floor
Urinary System: a group of organs in the body concerned with filtering out excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream