人类生理学/泌尿系统
概述
编辑泌尿系统的功能
编辑泌尿系统器官
编辑Kidneys And Their Structure
编辑Renal Vein
编辑Renal Artery
编辑Ureters
编辑Urinary Bladder
编辑Urethra
编辑Nephrons
编辑Glomerulus
编辑Glomerular Capsule or Bowman's Capsule
编辑Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
编辑Loop of the Nephron or Loop of Henle
编辑Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
编辑Collecting ducts
编辑尿的形成
编辑Filtration
编辑Reabsorption
编辑Secretion
编辑维持水盐平衡
编辑Reabsorption of water
编辑Reabsorption of Salt
编辑Hypernatremia
编辑Diuretics
编辑肾疾病
编辑Diabetes Insipidus
编辑Urinary tract infections (UTI's)
编辑Dialysis and Kidney Transplant
编辑Review Questions
编辑词汇表
编辑Antidiuretic: lessening or decreasing of urine production or an agent that decreases the release of urine.
Catheterisation: a catheter is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct or vessel. Catheters thereby allow drainage or injection of fluids or access by surgical instruments. The process of inserting a catheter is catheterisation. In most uses a catheter is a thin, flexible tube: a "soft" catheter; in some uses, it is a larger, solid tube: a "hard" catheter.
Dehydration: condition resulting from excessive loss of body fluid.
Diabetes: a general term for a disease characterized by the begining stages and onset of renal failure. It is derived from the Greek word diabaínein, that literally means "passing through," or "siphon", a reference to one of diabetes' major symptoms—excessive urine production.
Diuresis: secretion and passage of large amounts of urine.
Diuretic: increasing of urine production, or an agent that increases the production of urine.
Erythropoietin: hormone that stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to produce red blood cells
Fibrous Capsule: the kidney's loose connective tissue
Glomerulus: capillary tuft that receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal circulation.
Gluconeogenesis: the cycle of producing a glucose form fat or protein; preformed by the kidney in times of long fasting, initially gluconeogenesis is preformed by the liver
Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells: Renin-secreting cells that are in contact with the macula densa and the afferent arterioles of the renal nephron.
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA): A site of juxtaglomerular cells connecting with the macula densa where renin is secreted and sensor for control of secretion of golmerular filtration rate.
Loop of Henle/ Nephron Loop: u-shaped tube that consists of a descending limb and ascending limb; primary role is to concentrate the salt in the interstitium, the tissue surrounding the loop
Medullary Pyramids or Renal Pyramids: the cone shaped masses in the kidney
Micturition: another name for excretions
Nephron: basic structural and functional unit of the kidney; chief function is to regulate water and soluble substances by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine
Podocytes: filtration membrane, in the visceral layer of the bowman's capsule
Renal Calculi: kidney stones, solid crystals of dissolved minerals in urine found inside the kidneys
Renal Cortex: outer portion of the kidney
Renal Lobe: each pyramid together with the associated overlying cortex
Renal Pelvis: a central space, or cavity that transmits urine to the urinary bladder via the ureter
Renin: hormone released by the Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of the kidneys when blood pressure falls
TURP: transurethral resection of the prostate. During TURP, an instrument is inserted up the urethra to remove the section of the prostate that is blocking urine flow. This is most commonly caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A TURP usually requires hospitalization and is done using a general or spinal anesthetic. It is now the most common surgery used to remove part of an enlarged prostate.
Urethra: a muscular tube that connects the bladder with the outside of the body
Ureters: two tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Urine: liquid produced by the kidneys, collected in the bladder and excreted through the urethra
Urinary Bladder: a hollow, muscular and distensible or elastic organ that sits on the pelvic floor
Urinary System: a group of organs in the body concerned with filtering out excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream