人类生理学/神经系统

Structure and function of neurons

Summation

Generation & propagation of an action potential

脑

周边神经系统（PNS）

自律神经系统（ANS）

神经组织

案例研究

药物

词汇表

传入讯息（Afferent Messages）

传入身体的讯息，像是冷、热、疼痛……等

自主系统（Autonomic System）

deals with the visceral organs, like the heart, stomach, gland, and the intestines

轴突（Axon）

the part of the neuron that conducts nerve impulses

大麻（Cannabis）

a psychoactive drug produced from parts of the cannabis plant

中枢神经系统（Central Nervous System，CNS）

the system that includes the brain and the spinal cord

小脑（Cerebellum）

part of the brain that is located posterior to the medulla oblongata and pons, coordinates skeletal muscles to produce smooth, graceful motions

脑脊液（Cerebrospinal Fluid，CSF）

acts a shock absorber for the central nervous system, protecting the brain and spinal cord from injury; it also has a high glucose content which serves as a nutritional factor

大脑（Cerebrum）

motor control, learning, speech, somatic sensory functions, vision,hearing and more.

树突（Dendrites）

short pieces that come off of the cell body that receive the signals from sensory receptors and other neurons

情节记忆（Episodic Memory）

represents our memory of events and experiences in a serial form

兴奋性神经传导物质（Excitatory Neurotransmitter）

a neurotransmitter that acts to elicit an action potential by opening sodium ion channels

Longitudinal Sulcus: separates the cerebrum in to the right and left hemispheres

长期记忆（Long Term Memory）

used for storage of information over a long time

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) long term communication enhancement between two neurons. Results in neural pathways that store memoris.

髓质（Medulla）

control center for respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive functions.

髓磷脂（Myelin）

a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the nerve fibers and facilitates the conduction of the nerve impulse transmissions

Multiple Sclerosis (MS): disease that affects the CNS by causing hardening and scaring of the myelin

兰氏结（Nodes of Ranvier）

unmyelinated gaps between sections of myelin

周边神经系统（Peripheral Nervous System，PNS）

a way of communication from the central nervous system to the rest of the body by nerve impulses that regulate the functions of the human body

桥脑（Pons）

control centers for respiration and inhibitory functions.

Postganglionic Cells: have their cell bodies in the ganglia and send their axons to target organs or glands

Postsynaptic Cells the cell on the receiving (second) end of the synapse.

Presynaptic Cell The cell on the sending (first) end of the synapse.

Proprioception the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.

Sensory Receptor: structure that can find any kind of change in it's surroundings or environment

躯体神经系统（Somatic Nervous System，SNS）

the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements through the action of skeletal muscles, and also reception of external stimuli

突触（Synapses）

两神经之间的空隙。在人学习时，会长出新的突触