人類生理學/感官
什麼是感覺?
编辑化學受器
编辑味覺系統
编辑Papilla
编辑Structure of Taste Buds
编辑Types of Taste
编辑Disorders of the Tongue
编辑嗅覺系統
编辑Receptors
编辑In the brain
编辑Pheromonal olfaction
编辑Olfaction and Gustation
编辑Disorders of Olfaction
编辑視覺
编辑眼睛解剖
编辑眼睛運動
编辑我們如何看東西
编辑Depth Perception
编辑Diseases, disorders, and age-related changes
编辑思考
编辑- 為什麼我們平常不會注意到盲點?
- 看著一個光源十秒鐘,然後看旁邊的白紙,你觀察到什麼?原因是?
- 為什麼晚上盯著一個東西看,他會暫時消失?要怎麼讓他重新出現?
- 桿狀細胞對什麼敏感?錐狀細胞對什麼敏感?
- 解釋顛茄(Deadly Nightshade)的作用
聽覺
编辑耳朵解剖學
编辑Process of Hearing
编辑水中的聽覺
编辑Localization of Sound by Humans
编辑平衡感的機制
编辑Disorders with the Ear
编辑思考
编辑觸覺
编辑巴齊尼氏小體(Pacinian Corpuscles)
编辑梅斯納氏小體(Meissner's Corpuscles)
编辑梅克爾觸覺盤(Merkel's Discs)
编辑魯菲尼小體(Ruffini corpuscles)
编辑觸覺失調
编辑案例研究
编辑The newborn's senses
编辑Review Questions
编辑詞彙表
编辑- 嗅覺喪失(Anosmia)
- 喪失嗅覺的疾病
- 聽道(Auditory Canal)
Tube from the auditory meatus or opening of the ear to the tympanic membrane
- 耳咽管(Auditory Tube)
Either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum
- 化學感受(Chemoreception)
Physiological response of a sense organ to a chemical stimulus
- 脈絡膜(Choroid)
Vascular layer of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera
Circumvallate papillae: Papillae that are present on the back of the oral part of the tongue
- 耳蝸(Cochlea)
Is concerned with hearing, resembling a shell of a snail
- 嗅覺障礙(Dysosmia)
When things smell differently than they should
Equilibrium: Sense of balance
Extraocular muscles: Six muscles that control eye movements: lateral rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique and superior oblique
Filiform papillae: Thin, longer papillae that don't contain taste buds but are the most numerous
Foliate papillae: Ridges and grooves towards the posterior part of the tongue
Fungiform papillae: These are present mostly at the apex (tip) of the tongue- slightly mushroom shaped
- 味覺(Gustation)
- 對味道的感覺
Hair Cell: Mechanosensors for hearing, columnar cells each with a bundle of 100-200 specialized cilia at the top
- 觸覺(Haptic)
From the Greek Haphe, means pertaining to the sense of touch
Hyposmia: Decreased ability to smell
- 內耳(Inner Ear)
Innermost part of the ear, contains the cochlea, westibule and semi-circular canals
- 機械感受器(Mechanoreceptor)
Sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion
Meissner's Corpuscle: Encapsulated unmyelinated nerve endings, usually found in areas sensitive to light touch
- 中耳(Middle Ear)
Air Filled Cavity behind the Ear Drum, includes most of the ear Drum and ear Bones
Nasopharynx: Nasal part of the pharynx that lies behind the nose and above the level of the soft palate
Nociception: The perception of pain
- 嗅覺(Olfaction)
- 感覺香味與臭味等的感受
- 中耳炎(Otitis Media)
- 中耳部份的發炎
- 外耳(Outer Ear)
External portion of the ear, includes the auricle, ear canal and surface of the ear drum
Oval Window: Fenestra that has the base of the stapes attached to it
Pacinian Corpuscles; Detect gross pressure changes and vibrations
Papilla: Specialized epithelial cells that are small projections on the top of the tongue
Perception: The brain’s interpretation of a sensation
Phantosmia: Phenomenon of smelling odors that aren't really present (AKA Phantom odors)
Photoreceptors: Specialized type of neuron found in the eye's retina that is capable of phototransduction
Pinna: Auricle of the ear
Retina: Thin layer of neural cells that lines the back of the eyeball of vertebrates and some cephalopods
Round Window: Fenestra leading into the cochlea
Sclera: White outer coating of the eye- gives the eye its shape and helps to protect the delicate inner parts
Semicircular Canals: Certain canals of the inner ear
Sensation: Occurs when nerve impulses arrive in the brain
Sensory adaptation: A decrease in response to stimuli
Stapes: One of the small bones in the tympanum of the ear; the stirrups bone
Tactition: The sense of pressure perception, generally in the skin
Tympanic Membrane: The membrane in the ear that vibrates to produce sound
- 鮮味(Umami)
- 源自日文字,代表類似肉或者魚的味道。主要是胺基酸的味道