X86組合語言/基本指令集

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資料搬移指令（Data transfer instructions）

• MOV：在通用暫存器之間移動資料；在主記憶體和通用或區段暫存器之間移動資料；將立即數值移動到通用暫存器。（Move data between general-purpose registers; move data between memory and general purpose or segment registers; move immediates to general-purpose registers.）
• CMOVE/CMOVZ：Conditional move if equal/Conditional move if zero.
• CMOVNE/CMOVNZ：Conditional move if not equal/Conditional move if not zero.
• CMOVA/CMOVNBE：Conditional move if above/Conditional move if not below or equal.
• CMOVAE/CMOVNB：Conditional move if above or equal/Conditional move if not below.
• CMOVB/CMOVNAE：Conditional move if below/Conditional move if not above or equal.
• CMOVBE/CMOVNA：Conditional move if below or equal/Conditional move if not above.
• CMOVG/CMOVNLE：Conditional move if greater/Conditional move if not less or equal.
• CMOVGE/CMOVNL：Conditional move if greater or equal/Conditional move if not less.
• CMOVL/CMOVNGE：Conditional move if less/Conditional move if not greater or equal.
• CMOVLE/CMOVNG：Conditional move if less or equal/Conditional move if not greater.
• CMOVC：Conditional move if carry.
• CMOVNC：Conditional move if not carry.
• CMOVO：Conditional move if overflow.
• CMOVNO：Conditional move if not overflow.
• CMOVS：Conditional move if sign (negative).
• CMOVNS：Conditional move if not sign (non-negative).
• CMOVP/CMOVPE：Conditional move if parity/Conditional move if parity even.
• CMOVNP/CMOVPO：Conditional move if not parity/Conditional move if parity odd.
• XCHG：交換。（Exchange.）
• BSWAP：Byte swap.
• XADD：Exchange and add.
• CMPXCHG：Compare and exchange.
• CMPXCHG8B：Compare and exchange 8 bytes.
• PUSH：Push onto stack.
• POP：Pop off of stack.
• PUSHA/PUSHAD：Push general-purpose registers onto stack.
• POPA/POPAD：Pop general-purpose registers from stack.
• CWD/CDQ：Convert word to doubleword/Convert doubleword to quadword.
• CBW/CWDE：Convert byte to word/Convert word to doubleword in EAX register.
• MOVSX：Move and sign extend.
• MOVZX：Move and zero extend.

二進位算術指令（Binary Arithmetic Instructions）

• ADCX：Unsigned integer add with carry.
• ADOX：Unsigned integer add with overflow.
• ADD：Integer add.
• ADC：含進位的加法。（Add with carry.）
• SUB：減法。（Subtract.）
• SBB：含借位的減法。Subtract with borrow.
• IMUL：有號數乘法。（Signed multiply.）
• MUL：無號數乘法。（Unsigned multiply.）
• IDIV：有號數除法。（Signed divide.）
• DIV：無號數除法。（Unsigned divide.）
• INC：加一。（Increment.）
• DEC：減一。（Decrement.）
• NEG：Negate.
• CMP：比較。（Compare.）

十進位算術指令（Decimal Arithmetic Instructions）

• DAA：Decimal adjust after addition.
• DAS：Decimal adjust after subtraction.
• AAA：ASCII adjust after addition.
• AAS：ASCII adjust after subtraction.
• AAM：ASCII adjust after multiplication.
• AAD：ASCII adjust before division.

邏輯指令（Decimal Arithmetic Instructions）

• AND：Perform bitwise logical AND.
• OR：Perform bitwise logical OR.
• XOR：Perform bitwise logical exclusive OR.
• NOT：Perform bitwise logical NOT

移位及輪轉指令（Shift and Rotate Instruction）

• SAR：Shift arithmetic right.
• SHR：Shift logical right.
• SAL/SHL：Shift arithmetic left/Shift logical left.
• SHRD：Shift right double.
• SHLD：Shift left double.
• ROR：Rotate right.
• ROL：Rotate left.
• RCR：Rotate through carry right.
• RCL：Rotate through carry left

位元及位元組指令（Bit and Byte Instructions）

• BT：Bit test.
• BTS：Bit test and set.
• BTR：Bit test and reset.
• BTC：Bit test and complement.
• BSF：Bit scan forward.
• BSR：Bit scan reverse.
• SETE/SETZ：Set byte if equal/Set byte if zero.
• SETNE/SETNZ：Set byte if not equal/Set byte if not zero.
• SETA/SETNBE：Set byte if above/Set byte if not below or equal.
• SETAE/SETNB/SETNC：Set byte if above or equal/Set byte if not below/Set byte if not carry.
• SETB/SETNAE/SETC：Set byte if below/Set byte if not above or equal/Set byte if carry.
• SETBE/SETNA：Set byte if below or equal/Set byte if not above.
• SETG/SETNLE：Set byte if greater/Set byte if not less or equal.
• SETGE/SETNL：Set byte if greater or equal/Set byte if not less.
• SETL/SETNGE：Set byte if less/Set byte if not greater or equal.
• SETLE/SETNG：Set byte if less or equal/Set byte if not greater.
• SETS：Set byte if sign (negative).
• SETNS：Set byte if not sign (non-negative).
• SETO：Set byte if overflow.
• SETNO：Set byte if not overflow.
• SETPE/SETP：Set byte if parity even/Set byte if parity.
• SETPO/SETNP：Set byte if parity odd/Set byte if not parity.
• TEST：Logical compare.
• CRC32：Provides hardware acceleration to calculate cyclic redundancy checks for fast and efficient implementation of data integrity protocols.
• POPCNT：This instruction calculates of number of bits set to 1 in the second operand (source) and returns the count in the first operand (a destination register)

控制轉移指令（Control Transfer Instruction）

• JMP：無條件跳躍（Jump.）
• JE/JZ：Jump if equal/Jump if zero.
• JNE/JNZ：Jump if not equal/Jump if not zero.
• JA/JNBE：Jump if above/Jump if not below or equal.
• JAE/JNB：Jump if above or equal/Jump if not below.
• JB/JNAE：Jump if below/Jump if not above or equal.
• JBE/JNA：Jump if below or equal/Jump if not above.
• JG/JNLE：Jump if greater/Jump if not less or equal.
• JGE/JNL：Jump if greater or equal/Jump if not less.
• JL/JNGE：Jump if less/Jump if not greater or equal.
• JLE/JNG：Jump if less or equal/Jump if not greater.
• JC：Jump if carry.
• JNC：Jump if not carry.
• JO：Jump if overflow.
• JNO：Jump if not overflow.
• JS：Jump if sign (negative).
• JN：Jump if not sign (non-negative).
• JPO/JNP：Jump if parity odd/Jump if not parity.
• JPE/JP：Jump if parity even/Jump if parity.
• JCXZ/JECXZ：Jump register CX zero/Jump register ECX zero.
• LOOP：Loop with ECX counter.
• LOOPZ/LOOPE：Loop with ECX and zero/Loop with ECX and equal.
• LOOPNZ/LOOPNE：Loop with ECX and not zero/Loop with ECX and not equal.
• CALL：呼叫副程式或函式。（Call procedure.）
• RET：從副程式或函式返回。（Return.）
• IRET：從插斷返回。（Return from interrupt.）
• INT：軟體插斷。（Software interrupt.）
• INTO：Interrupt on overflow.
• BOUND：Detect value out of range.
• ENTER：High-level procedure entry.
• LEAVE：High-level procedure exit

字串指令（String Instruction）

• MOVS/MOVSB：Move string/Move byte string.
• MOVS/MOVSW：Move string/Move word string.
• MOVS/MOVSD：Move string/Move doubleword string.
• CMPS/CMPSB：Compare string/Compare byte string.
• CMPS/CMPSW：Compare string/Compare word string.
• CMPS/CMPSD：Compare string/Compare doubleword string.
• SCAS/SCASB：Scan string/Scan byte string.
• SCAS/SCASW：Scan string/Scan word string.
• SCAS/SCASD：Scan string/Scan doubleword string.
• LODS/LODSB：Load string/Load byte string.
• LODS/LODSW：Load string/Load word string.
• LODS/LODSD：Load string/Load doubleword string.
• STOS/STOSB：Store string/Store byte string.
• STOS/STOSW：Store string/Store word string.
• STOS/STOSD：Store string/Store doubleword string.
• REP：Repeat while ECX not zero.
• REPE/REPZ：Repeat while equal/Repeat while zero.
• REPNE/REPNZ：Repeat while not equal/Repeat while not zero.

輸入及輸出指令（I/O Instruction）

• IN：Read from a port.
• OUT：Write to a port.
• INS/INSB：Input string from port/Input byte string from port.
• INS/INSW：Input string from port/Input word string from port.
• INS/INSD：Input string from port/Input doubleword string from port.
• OUTS/OUTSB：Output string to port/Output byte string to port.
• OUTS/OUTSW：Output string to port/Output word string to port

進入及離開指令（Enter and Leave Instruction）

• ENTER：High-level procedure entry.
• LEAVE：High-level procedure exit

旗標控制(EFLAG)指令（Flag Control (EFLAG) Instructions）

• STC：設定進位旗標。（Set carry flag.）
• CLC：清除進位旗標。（Clear the carry flag.）
• CMC：Complement the carry flag.
• CLD：Clear the direction flag.
• STD：Set direction flag.
• LAHF：Load flags into AH register.
• SAHF：Store AH register into flags.
• PUSHF/PUSHFD：Push EFLAGS onto stack.
• POPF/POPFD：Pop EFLAGS from stack.
• STI：設定插斷旗標。（Set interrupt flag.）
• CLI：清除插斷旗標。（Clear the interrupt flag）

區段暫存器指令（Segment Register Instruction）

• LDS：Load far pointer using DS.
• LES：Load far pointer using ES.
• LFS：Load far pointer using FS.
• LGS：Load far pointer using GS.
• LSS：Load far pointer using SS

雜項指令（Miscellaneous Instruction）

• LEA：Load effective address.
• NOP：無運算。（No operation.）
• UD：Undefined instruction.
• XLAT/XLATB：Table lookup translation.
• CPUID：Processor identification.
• MOVBE： Move data after swapping data bytes.
• PREFETCHW： Prefetch data into cache in anticipation of write.
• PREFETCHWT： Prefetch hint T1 with intent to write.
• CLFLUSH：Flushes and invalidates a memory operand and its associated cache line from all levels of the processor’s cache hierarchy.
• CLFLUSHOPT：Flushes and invalidates a memory operand and its associated cache line from all levels of the processor’s cache hierarchy with optimized memory system throughput

使用者模式擴展狀態的儲存及還原指令（User Mode Extended Sate Save/Restore Instruction）

• XSAVE：Save processor extended states to memory.
• XSAVEC：Save processor extended states with compaction to memory.
• XSAVEOPT：Save processor extended states to memory, optimized.
• XRSTOR：Restore processor extended states from memory.
• XGETBV：Reads the state of an extended control register

亂數產生指令（Random Number Generator Instructions）

• RDRAND：Retrieves a random number generated from hardware.
• RDSEED：Retrieves a random number generated from hardwar

（BMI1, BMI2）

• ANDN：Bitwise AND of first source with inverted 2nd source operands.
• BEXTR：Contiguous bitwise extract.
• BLSI：Extract lowest set bit.
• BLSMSK：Set all lower bits below first set bit to 1.
• BLSR：Reset lowest set bit.
• BZHI：Zero high bits starting from specified bit position.
• LZCNT：Count the number leading zero bits.
• MULX：Unsigned multiply without affecting arithmetic flags.
• PDEP：Parallel deposit of bits using a mask.
• PEXT：Parallel extraction of bits using a mask.
• RORX：Rotate right without affecting arithmetic flags.
• SARX：Shift arithmetic right.
• SHLX：Shift logic left.
• SHRX：Shift logic right.
• TZCNT：Count the number trailing zero bits

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以下內容待整理

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資料搬移指令 （Data transfer instructions）

• mov
• movsz
• movzx
• xchg

整數運算指令

加法

• add : 加
• adc : 加 (含進位)
• inc : 加1

減法

• sub : 減
• sbb : 減 (含借位)
• dec : 減1

乘法

• mul : 乘 (無號數)
• imul : 乘 (有號數)

除法

• div : 除 (無號數)
• idiv : 除 (有號數)

邏輯運算指令

• and
• or
• xor
• not

程式流程控制

跳越指令

無條件跳越

• jmp

無號數運算(比較)後使用的條件跳越指令

指令	意義		條件
je	若等於則跳越	x = y	ZF=1
jne	若不等於則跳越	x≠y	ZF=0
ja jnbe	若高於則跳越 若不低於則跳越	x > y	CF=0且ZF=0
jae jnb	若高於或等於則跳越 若不低於或等於則跳越	x≧y	CF=0
jb jnae	若低於則跳越 若不高於或等於則跳越	x < y	CF=1
jbe jna	若低於或等於則跳越 若不高於則跳越	x≦y	CF=1或ZF=1

有號數運算(比較)後使用的條件跳越指令

指令	意義		條件
je	若等於則跳越	x = y	ZF=1
jne	若不等於則跳越	x≠y	ZF=0
jg jnle	若大於則跳越 若不低於或等於則跳越	x > y	ZF=0且SF=OF
jge jnl	若高於於或等於則跳越 若不低於則跳越	x≧y	SF=OF
jl jngl	若低於則跳越 若不大於或等於則跳越	x < y	SF≠OF
jle jng	若低於或等於則跳越 若不大於則跳越	x≦y	ZF=1或SF≠OF

依旗號狀態判斷的條件跳越指令

指令	意義	條件
jc	若進位則跳越	CF=1
jnc	若無進位則跳越	CF=0
js	若為負數則跳越	SF=1
jns	若為正數則跳越	SF=0
jz	若等於0則跳越	ZF=1
jnz	若不等於0則跳越	ZF=0
jp	若同位則跳越	PF=1
jnp	若沒有同位則跳越	PF=0
jpe	若偶同位則跳越	PF=1
jpo	若奇同位則跳越	PF=0
jo	若溢位則跳越	OF=1
jno	若沒有溢位則跳越	OF=0

迴圈控制指令

• loop
• loope
• loopz
• loopne
• loopnz

中斷指令（Interrupt Instruction）

• int : 進入中斷處理程式
• into : 運算溢位，產生中斷
• iret : 自中斷處理程式中返回

旗標控制相關指令

中斷標誌位

• cli : 清中斷允許
• sti : 置中斷允許

進位標誌位

• clc : 清進位標誌位
• stc : 置進位標誌位
• cmc : 進位標誌位取反

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• 以下暫存

    mov：這是組語裡面最常見的指令,將數值記入暫存器或是將A暫存器的內涵值移入B暫存器等等.
    範例語法：  mov 目的,來源        <==將來源值移入目的暫存器
                 mov DX,[zzz]       <==將zzz變數內涵移入DX暫存器
                 mov EAX,14h        <==移14h值移入EAX

    int：呼叫中斷來處理之前暫存器內涵值所對應的工作.例如Linux是int 0x80.
    add：加
     sub：減
     mul：乘
     div：除