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Bem-vindo ao Brasil —歡迎來到巴西！巴西（全稱：巴西聯邦共和國）是南美洲最大、世界第五大國家，位於南美洲的中東部。基本上所有其他的南美洲國家都和巴西接壤，但巴西和這些國家差別也許有些大。比如，南美洲大部分地方都說西班牙語，巴西的官方語言卻是葡萄牙語。巴西有超過2億人口，全國分為26個州和一個聯邦區（首都巴西利亞）。因為巴西幅員遼闊，一般將其分為五個地理區：北部、東北部、東南部、南部和中西部。

巴西的國家象徵是什麼？

巴西的國旗底色為綠色，中間有一個黃色菱形圖案，菱形中又有一個繪有27顆星星的藍色圓圈。中央的條紋上寫有葡萄牙語 ordem e progresso，意思是「秩序與進步」。巴西的國家顏色，綠色和黃色，代表葡萄牙皇室。巴西曾有世界上最大的金礦。藍色代表的是里約熱內盧的天空。

巴西有什麼著名的地方？

巴西境內有亞馬孫河和亞馬孫雨林。世界30大城市中，巴西的聖保羅和里約熱內盧也位列其中。

北部的濕熱雨林

巴西瑪瑙斯以北的亞馬孫叢林

亞馬孫叢林(Amazon)是世界上最大的雨林，它以世界第二長河——亞馬孫河命名，大部分都位於巴西北部。雨林是一大片雨量充沛、動植物繁多的地方。亞馬孫雨林面積十分龐大，不僅在巴西北部，在哥倫比亞、秘魯、委內瑞拉、厄瓜多、玻利維亞、蓋亞那、蘇利南、法屬圭亞那這些地方也有它的蹤跡。而且，世界上其他地方的雨林加起來，面積都還沒有它大呢！

亞馬孫叢林氣候濕熱，許多不同種類的動物、植物都生活在其中。單拿昆蟲來說，種類就多達250萬種！現在還有很多生物潛藏在雨林里，等待著我們的發現。

然而，逐漸發展起來的農業和畜牧業正在不斷侵蝕亞馬孫雨林的土地。人們焚燒雨林以獲取空曠的平地，這雖然違反法律，但是由於亞馬孫雨林實在是太大了，警察很難發現並制止。如果雨林持續地遭到燒毀，許多動植物的生存將會受到威脅。此外，還有人偷偷砍伐雨林的樹木來換取金錢。雖然很多人都十分擔心，但雨林並不會因為目前的破壞而很快消亡。儘管如此，這依然值得人們的擔憂。

東北部的海岸和節日

One beautiful beach in the Northeastern area. This is Boa Viagem Beach. The northeastern region was the first part of Brazil to be inhabited by Europeans, and is sometimes called the heart of Brazil. Some of the oldest cities in the country are there, especially on the coast. The area's beautiful shores attract people from every part of the world. Salvador and Fortaleza are typical cities of the northeastern region. In Salvador the people have invented many dances and musical rhymes for the many festivals which are held year round.

嘉年華

嘉年華的慶祝活動

A Carnival is a public parade, combining some elements of a circus and public street party. Carnival is a Catholic tradition, and is celebrated throughout most of South America, but is biggest and most famous in Brazil, especially in Rio de Janeiro. The celebrations start forty days before Easter, and run for four days. Every region celebrates Carnival in a different way. In Salvador many thousands of people cram the streets to listen to and dance to the trios elétricos. Trios elétricos are giant trucks with a band playing on. In Rio de Janeiro there are Escolas de Samba, which means "Samba schools" – but in these schools the people don't learn to samba, they work all year preparing a big show like an opera: the Samba Schools Parade. In Recife and Olinda, people go to streets to follow the frevo and maracatu bands like the Galo da Madrugada (Rooster of the Dawn), the largest Carnival group in the world.

東南部的大城市

里約熱內盧的耶穌基督像，在葡萄牙語中稱為Cristo Redentor（救世基督像）

東南部地區是巴西的商業中心和人口集中地。巴西兩大城市，聖保羅和里約熱內盧都在東南部。聖保羅是巴西第一大城市，人口超過2千萬。People living in São Paulo are called Paulistanos. Rio de Janeiro is also a very big city but not as big as São Paulo, with only 10 million inhabitants. The people who live in Rio (called Cariocas) are very proud of their city because it is so beautiful. Rio de Janeiro has some famous beaches, which have been mentioned in many songs and films. 里約熱內盧在葡萄牙語的意思是「一月河」。里約熱內盧位於海灣邊，當初葡萄牙人發現這裡時正處一月，他們又認為這是一處河口，因此取名「一月河」——里約熱內盧。

南部歐式區

穿著高喬牛仔服裝的人們

巴西南部與其他地方相比風格迥異。氣候更加涼爽，大部分居民是義大利、德國等歐洲國家人的後裔。In some cities people still speak the languages of those countries along with Portuguese. The gaúcho is a kind of cowboy from southern Brazil: he rides his horse through the Pampas, large fields of cattle breeding. Nowadays, however, a gaúcho (or gaúcha, if female) is anyone born in Rio Grande do Sul, regardless of living in the city or in the country.

廣闊的中西部

巴西中西部人口稀少。The large fields of Cerrado are the place for big plantations of soy and cattle breeding. In central-west Brazil we find Brazil's capital, Brasília, a city constructed in the middle of the last century with street patterns shaped like an airplane! Brasília is also located near the exact center of Brazil's territory. In the central-west area there is also the Pantanal, probably the largest wetlands in the world (it is about half the size of France), where a great range of different kinds of birds, fish, mammals, reptiles and others beings live.

巴西發生過什麼重要的歷史事件？

「巴西」的名字是怎麼來的？

葡萄牙人第一次來到巴西時，他們把那裡叫做 Ilha de Vera Cruz （真十字架之島），因為他們覺得巴西是一個島嶼。後來他們發現巴西並不是個島的時候，他們又改稱 Terra de Santa Cruz （聖十字架之地）。再後來他們在巴西發現了一種能把布料染成紅色的樹，他們把這種樹稱為 pau-brasil, pau 意思是木棒， brasil 源自 brasa ，意思是餘燼（沒有燒完的木頭）。所以，巴西的名字是從樹名 pau-brasil（巴西紅木）來的。

葡萄牙探險家佩德羅·阿爾瓦雷斯·卡布拉爾在1500年到達了巴西，隨後宣稱這塊土地屬於葡萄牙。如今巴西人的組成主要有葡萄牙裔、非洲裔、印第安人（原住民；葡萄牙語稱作índios）。古時候巴西境內有很多印第安人，但外國殖民者帶來的疾病和戰爭使他們的數量銳減。非洲裔巴西人的祖先當時主要是甘蔗農場的奴隸。

1808年，葡萄牙國王若昂六世為了躲避法國拿破崙的軍隊，將政府遷往巴西，並將里約熱內盧作為葡萄牙的臨時首都。Even after the government officially moved back to Portugal, Rio de Janeiro was thought to be a co-capital of the empire for many years, and had a significant influence on the people of Portugal.

1822年，巴西從葡萄牙獨立，建立巴西帝國，葡萄牙攝政王佩德羅一世And the Portuguese Prince-Regent (next in line to become king of Portugal) Pedro I became Brazil's Emperor. Later on, his son, Pedro II, was chosen the second Emperor. During these times Brazil had to fight wars against its neighbors, Argentina and Paraguay, to avoid any invasion.

1888年，伊莎貝爾公主結束了巴西的奴隸制。1889年，巴西由帝國轉變成了共和國，國家元首不再是皇帝，而是民選的總統。

From a small land bordering the Atlantic Ocean, Brazil grew to be an immense country, especially when some people found gold in Minas Gerais and Goias, far away from the coast, and when Brazil started to take latex from the Amazônia.

里約熱內盧曾在很長一段時間內作為巴西首都。經過多番努力，1956年，巴西的首都遷往內陸的巴西利亞(Brasília)。這樣做主要是為了讓巴西的人口更多地從向沿海向內陸轉移。

巴西曾在20世紀有過兩次獨裁政府時期, which is a type of government that gets a lot of power and turns against the people. When under dictatorships, Brazilians that opposed the government experienced hard times of censorship and cruelty. Today Brazil is a free country, where people are able to vote for President and express themselves with no fear. In late 2010, Brazil elected its first female president, Dilma Rousseff, who took office in January of 2011.

生活在巴西亞馬孫雨林中的「托哥巨嘴鳥」

巴西的自然環境如何？

Brazil may have more different types of animals than any other country in the world. This is because Brazil is such a large country with many different forests that are dense with living things. All of Brazil is warm and some of Brazil is very rainy. There are two huge forests in Brazil. The Amazon rainforest and the Atlantic forest. Both of these forests are shrinking because people cut the trees down for lumber and also to clear the land for farming and ranching.

巴西出產什麼東西？

巴西資源豐富多樣。There are iron mines that produce iron to make into steel. Brazilians also grow coffee, soybeans, and fruit. They manufacture airplanes and cars and electrical equipment. There is also a lot of tourism and eco-tourism in Brazil. (They are known for one of the countries making the most coffee in the world) Lately, Petrobras, Brazil's largest oil company is offshore drilling along the continental shelf, it is moving Brazil from being nearly 100 percent dependent on foreign oil imports toward becoming a net oil exporter in the next few years.

資料：巴西海岸巨大的石油儲量

巴西的學校是什麼樣的？

巴西的學校各有不同。有的私立學校很好，但是要花很多錢。公立學校要比私立學校要差。因為不少巴西人還沒那麼富有，所以很多孩子去不了優質的學校。

巴西流行什麼體育運動？

足球是巴西最受歡迎的運動。巴西是奪得國際足聯世界盃最多的國家。其他流行的運動還有游泳、排球等。

巴西有什麼著名的人物？

巴西有許多著名的人物，其中一些可以說是婦孺皆知。享譽世界的足球運動員「球王」貝利，就來自於巴西。還有埃爾頓·塞納，這位賽車手曾在1988, 1990, 1991年三度奪得一級方程式的世界冠軍。