Android/运行应用

创建好Android项目之后，它包含了默认的“Hello World”源文件，你可以直接运行程序。

如何运行你的“Hello World”应用取决于两个因素：你是否拥有一个真正的Android设备，你是否使用Eclipse。这一节课程将向你展示如何在实际设备或Android模拟器上安装运行应用；如何使用Eclipse或命令行工具安装应用。

了解项目

在开始之前，你需要了解项目中的目录和文件的作用：

AndroidManifest.xml

This manifest file describes the fundamental characteristics of the app and defines each of its components. You'll learn about various declarations in this file as you read more training classes.

src/

Directory for your app's main source files. By default, it includes an Activity class that runs when your app is launched using the app icon.

res/

Contains several sub-directories for app resources. Here are just a few:

drawable-hdpi/

Directory for drawable objects (such as bitmaps) that are designed for high-density (hdpi) screens. Other drawable directories contain assets designed for other screen densities.

layout/

Directory for files that define your app's user interface.

values/

Directory for other various XML files that contain a collection of resources, such as string and color definitions.

When you build and run the default Android project, the default Activity class in the src/ directory starts and loads a layout file from the layout/ directory, which includes a "Hello World" message. Not real exciting, but it's important that you understand how to build and run your app before adding real functionality to the app.

Run on a Real Device

Whether you’re using Eclipse or the command line, you need to:

1. Plug in your Android-powered device to your machine with a USB cable. If you’re developing on Windows, you might need to install the appropriate USB driver for your device. For help installing drivers, see the OEM USB Drivers document.

2. Ensure that USB debugging is enabled in the device Settings (open Settings and navitage to Applications > Development on most devices, or select Developer options on Android 4.0 and higher).

To run the app from Eclipse, open one of your project's files and click Run from the toolbar. Eclipse installs the app on your connected device and starts it.

Or to run your app from a command line:

1. Change directories to the root of your Android project and execute:

ant debug

2. Make sure the Android SDK platform-tools/ directory is included in your PATH environment variable, then execute:

adb install bin/MyFirstApp-debug.apk

3. On your device, locate MyFirstActivity and open it.

To start adding stuff to the app, continue to the next lesson.

Run on the Emulator

Whether you’re using Eclipse or the command line, you need to first create an Android Virtual Device (AVD). An AVD is a device configuration for the Android emulator that allows you to model different device configurations.

To create an AVD:

1. Launch the Android Virtual Device Manager:

a) In Eclipse, select Window > AVD Manager, or click the AVD Manager icon in the Eclipse toolbar.

b) From the command line, change directories to <sdk>/tools/ and execute:

./android avd

2. In the Android Virtual Device Device Manager panel, click New.

3. Fill in the details for the AVD. Give it a name, a platform target, an SD card size, and a skin (HVGA is default).

4. Click Create AVD.

5. Select the new AVD from the Android Virtual Device Manager and click Start.

6. After the emulator boots up, unlock the emulator screen.

To run the app from Eclipse, open one of your project's files and click Run from the toolbar. Eclipse installs the app on your AVD and starts it.

Or to run your app from the command line:

1. Change directories to the root of your Android project and execute:

ant debug

2. Make sure the Android SDK platform-tools/ directory is included in your PATH environment variable, then execute:

adb install bin/MyFirstApp-debug.apk

3. On the emulator, locate MyFirstActivity and open it.

To start adding stuff to the app, continue to the next lesson.