C Sharp/Control

条件分支语句

if 语句

if (condition)
{
  // Do something
} 
else
{
  // Do something else
}

可以级联使用if, else if, else if, else if, else语句：

using System;

public class IfStatementSample
{
    public void IfMyNumberIs()
    {
        int myNumber = 5;

        if ( myNumber == 4 )
            Console.WriteLine("This will not be shown because myNumber is not 4.");
        else if( myNumber < 0 )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("This will not be shown because myNumber is not negative.");
        }
        else if( myNumber % 2 == 0 )
            Console.WriteLine("This will not be shown because myNumber is not even.");
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("myNumber does not match the coded conditions, so this sentence will be shown!");
        }
    }
}

switch 语句

case语句必须有跳转语句(break、goto、return)。但可以堆积（"stacking"）case语句，如下例。如果使用goto语句，可以跳转到case标签或者default case (例如 goto case 0 或 goto default)。

default标签是可选的。

switch (nCPU)
{
    case 0:
        Console.WriteLine("You don't have a CPU! :-)");
        break;
    case 1:
        Console.WriteLine("Single processor computer");
        break;
    case 2:
        Console.WriteLine("Dual processor computer");
        break;
        // Stacked cases
    case 3:
        // falls through
    case 4:
        // falls through
    case 5:
        // falls through
    case 6:
        // falls through
    case 7:
        // falls through
    case 8:
        Console.WriteLine("A multi processor computer");
        break;
    default:
        Console.WriteLine("A seriously parallel computer");
        break;
}

C#允许字符串作为switch变量:

switch (aircraftIdent)
{
    case "C-FESO":
        Console.WriteLine("Rans S6S Coyote");
        break;
    case "C-GJIS":
        Console.WriteLine("Rans S12XL Airaile");
        break;
    default:
        Console.WriteLine("Unknown aircraft");
        break;
}

迭代语句

do ... while loop

using System;

public class DoWhileLoopSample
{
    public void PrintValuesFromZeroToTen()
    {
        int number = 0;

        do
        {
            Console.WriteLine(number++.ToString());
        } while(number <= 10);
    }
}

for loop

public class ForLoopSample
{
    public void ForFirst100NaturalNumbers()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine(i.ToString());
        }
    }
}

foreach loop

public class ForEachSample
{
    public void DoSomethingForEachItem()
    {
        string[] itemsToWrite = {"Alpha", "Bravo", "Charlie"};

        foreach (string item in itemsToWrite)
        System.Console.WriteLine(item);
    }
}

while loop

using System;

public class WhileLoopSample
{
    public void RunForAWhile()
    {
        TimeSpan durationToRun = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30);
        DateTime start = DateTime.Now;

        while (DateTime.Now - start < durationToRun)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("not finished yet");
        }
        Console.WriteLine("finished");
    }
}

跳转语句

break

break语句用于跳出switch语句的case标签，或者跳出for、foreach、while、do .. while循环。

using System;

namespace JumpSample
{
    public class Entry
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int i;
 
            for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) // see the comparison, i < 10
            {
                if (i >= 3)
                {
                    break; 
                    // Not run over the code, and get out of loop.
                    // Note: The rest of code will not be executed,
                    //       & it leaves the loop instantly
                }
            }
            // Here check the value of i, it will be 3, not 10.
            Console.WriteLine("The value of OneExternCounter: {0}", i);
        }
    }
}

continue

continue语句把控制转移到当次循环的临结束。

using System;

namespace JumpSample
{
    public class Entry
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int OneExternCounter = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                if (i >= 5)
                {
                    continue;   // Not run over the code, and return to the beginning 
                                // of the scope as if it had completed the loop
                }
                OneExternCounter += 1;
            }
            // Here check the value of OneExternCounter, it will be 5, not 10.
            Console.WriteLine("The value of OneExternCounter: {0}", OneExternCounter);
        }
    }
}

return

namespace JumpSample
{
    public class Entry
    {
        static int Fun()
        {
            int a = 3;
            return a; // the code terminates here from this function
            a = 9;    // here is a block that will not be executed
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int OnNumber = Fun();
            // the value of OnNumber is 3, not 9...
        }
    }
}

yield

yield关键字用于定义一个迭代块作为一个枚举器产生值。典型作为IEnumerable接口的方法实现。可写为：

yield ::= "yield" "return" expression

yield ::= "yield" "break"

下例在方法MyCounter中使用yield关键字。该方法定义了一个iterator block，并发挥枚举器对象。

using System;
using System.Collections;

public class YieldSample
{
    public static IEnumerable MyCounter(int stop, int step)
    {
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < stop; i += step)
        {
            yield return i;
        }
    }

    static void Main()
    {
        foreach (int j in MyCounter(10, 2))
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ", j);
        }
        // Will display 0 2 4 6 8
    }
}

throw

可以抛出异常。也可用在catch或finally块中重新抛出异常。

namespace ExceptionSample
{
    public class Warrior
    {
        private string Name { get; set; }

        public Warrior(string name)
        {
            if (name == "Piccolo")
            {
                throw new Exception("Piccolo can't battle!");
            }
        }
    }

    public class Entry
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                Warrior a = new Warrior("Goku");
                Warrior b = new Warrior("Vegeta");
                Warrior c = new Warrior("Piccolo"); // exception here!
            }
            catch(Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}